Semi-arid agriculture focuses on agricultural practices in regions that receive low to moderate amounts of precipitation, typically between 250 to 500 mm of rainfall per year. These regions are characterized by limited water availability, high temperatures, and often poor soil quality, making it challenging to grow crops successfully. Researchers in the field of semi-arid agriculture study ways to improve crop yields, maximize water use efficiency, and enhance soil fertility in these challenging environments. This includes the development of drought-tolerant crop varieties, adoption of conservation agriculture practices, and implementation of efficient irrigation techniques. Overall, the goal of research in semi-arid agriculture is to help farmers in these regions increase their productivity and resilience to climate variability, ultimately contributing to food security and sustainable land management.